Wenxin Wang ¹ Muhammad Hafeez ² Ziyu Guo³ Muhammad Yasin Zia⁴ Raufhon Salahodjaev⁵ Iftikhar Ali⁶

Author Details：

1. School of Public Health, Shantou University/Institute of Local Government Development, Shantou University, Shan-Tou, 515063, P.R. China, Institute of Local Government Development, Shan‐Tou, 515063, People’s Republic of China. 2. Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 3. Center for Disease Control and prevention, Bao’an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China. 4. Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 5. Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 6. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Abstract

The emergence of environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) has proved beneficial in improving environmental quality and related health issues. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the impact of ENGO on human health in China from 1995 to 2020. To investigate the relationship between the variables, we have employed the ARDL model. The ARDL model results demonstrate that the long-run impact of ENGO is negative on infant mortality and death rate, meaning that an increase in the proportion of ENGOs in China considerably decreases infant mortality and death rate. On the other hand, ENGOs have a favorable influence on life expectancy in China, demonstrating ENGOs’ supporting role in raising birth life expectancy. In the short run, estimates of ENGOs have no substantial influence on newborn mortality and death rates in China, whereas ENGOs have a positive and significant impact on life expectancy.

环境非政府组织 (ENGO) 的出现已证明有利于改善环境质量和相关健康问题。因此，本研究试图调查 1995 年至 2020年 ENGO 对中国人类健康的影响。为了调查变量之间的关系，我们采用了 ARDL 模型。 ARDL 模型结果表明，ENGO 对婴儿死亡率和死亡率的长期影响是负面的，这意味着中国 ENGO 比例的增加显着降低了婴儿死亡率和死亡率。另一方面，ENGOs对中国的预期寿命有积极的影响，表明ENGOs对提高出生预期寿命的支持作用。短期内，ENGOs 的估计对中国新生儿死亡率和死亡率没有实质性影响，而 ENGOs 对预期寿命有积极和显着的影响。

These results imply that ENGOs help improves people’s health status in China, which is also supported by the rise in GDP, technology, and health expenditures. The causal analysis confirms the bi-directional causal link between ENGO and IMR and ENGO and LE, while the unidirectional causal link runs from ENGO to DR. The results of the study provide insights into the impact of environmental NGOs on human health in China and may help guide policies aimed at improving public health outcomes through environmental protection efforts.

这些结果表明，ENGO 有助于改善中国人民的健康状况，这也得到了 GDP、技术和卫生支出增长的支持。因果分析证实了 ENGO 与 IMR（婴儿死亡率）和 ENGO 与 LE（预期寿命）之间的双向因果关系，而单向因果关系从 ENGO 到 DR（死亡率）。该研究的结果有助于深入了解环保非政府组织对中国人类健康的影响，并可能有助于指导旨在通过环境保护工作改善公共卫生结果的政策。

Cite this article:

Wenxin Wang, Muhammad Hafeez, Ziyu Guo, Muhammad Yasin Zia, Raufhon Salahodjaev, Iftikhar Ali. Effect of environmental NGOs on human health in China: An empirical analysis. PLoS One (2023). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284468